{"id":32,"date":"2016-01-12T15:51:34","date_gmt":"2016-01-12T20:51:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/wp-p3d2tsa2xh.pairsite.com\/?p=32"},"modified":"2025-08-29T14:04:47","modified_gmt":"2025-08-29T18:04:47","slug":"file-permissions","status":"publish","type":"ht_kb","link":"https:\/\/www.pair.com\/support\/kb\/file-permissions\/","title":{"rendered":"File Permissions"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><span class=\"s1\"><a style=\"color:#fff; text-decoration:none!important;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pair.com\/support\/kb\/tags\/shared-hosting\/\"><p style=\"background-color:#1a3d6e !important;color:#fff;padding:6px; display:inline-block!important;font-size:12px;font-weight:bold; border-radius:3px;\">Shared<\/p><\/a> <a style=\"color:#fff; text-decoration:none!important;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pair.com\/support\/kb\/tags\/vps\/\"><p style=\"background-color:#1a3d6e !important;color:#fff;padding:6px; display:inline-block!important;font-size:12px;font-weight:bold; border-radius:3px;\">VPS<\/p><\/a> <a style=\"color:#fff; text-decoration:none!important;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pair.com\/support\/kb\/tags\/qs-dedicated\/\"><p style=\"background-color:#1a3d6e !important;color:#fff;padding:6px; display:inline-block!important;font-size:12px; font-weight:bold; border-radius:3px;\">Dedicated<\/p><\/a>&nbsp;<a style=\"color:#fff; text-decoration:none!important;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pair.com\/support\/kb\/tags\/wp-professional\/\"><p style=\"background-color:#1a3d6e !important;color:#fff !important;padding:6px; display:inline-block!important;font-size:12px;font-weight:bold; border-radius:3px;\">WP Professional<\/p><\/a> <a style=\"color:#fff; text-decoration:none!important;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pair.com\/support\/kb\/tags\/wp-professional-plus\/\"><p style=\"background-color:#1a3d6e !important;color:#fff !important;padding:6px; display:inline-block!important;font-size:12px;font-weight:bold; border-radius:3px;\">WP Professional Plus<\/p><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Your website's files are hosted on Pair Networks servers running either the FreeBSD or Ubuntu Linux operating systems. Both operating systems use UNIX file permissions to determine who can do what to each file.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Access Classes<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>File permissions are set on a file-by-file basis, and are set for each of three different access classes: <kbd>user<\/kbd>, <kbd>group<\/kbd>, and <kbd>other<\/kbd>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>The owner of the file is called the <kbd>user<\/kbd>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>People in the same group as the owner of the file comprise the <kbd>group<\/kbd>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Everyone else, including the web server, belongs to the <kbd>other<\/kbd> class.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>You can set certain permissions for each of these access types. See the different permission types in the next section.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Permission Types<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Files and directories can have three types of permissions: <strong>read<\/strong>, <strong>write<\/strong>, and <strong>execute<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Someone with <strong>read<\/strong> permission may read the contents of a file, or list the contents of a directory.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Someone with <strong>write<\/strong> permission may modify the contents of a file, including adding, changing, or deleting file contents. For directories, this means that someone with write permission may create or delete files within the directory.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Someone with <strong>execute<\/strong> permission may run an executable file or access the contents of a directory.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Access Classes + Permission Type Examples<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>So, for example, you could give the&nbsp;<kbd>user<\/kbd>&nbsp;<strong>read<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>write<\/strong>, and&nbsp;<strong>execute<\/strong> permissions. This means that the creator of the file can do anything to that file. It can run it, read it, edit it, or even delete it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Now let's say you want to give the entire internet the ability to view a file, which you might do if the file was a webpage file. So, you would give the&nbsp;<kbd>other<\/kbd> class permission to&nbsp;<strong>read<\/strong> the file. However, you do <strong>not<\/strong> give it permission to <strong>write<\/strong> or&nbsp;<strong>execute<\/strong>. This means that anyone on the internet can view the file, but they can't run it, edit it, or delete it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Permissions Notation<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>You'll need to understand how permissions are expressed in order to understand what you are seeing when you view the permissions for a file. Setting permissions from the command line also requires an understanding of how permissions are expressed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>You will typically see permissions expressed in one of two ways: either using letters that stand for the terms <strong>read<\/strong>, <strong>write<\/strong>, and <strong>execute<\/strong>, or using a numeric value that indicates the combination of permissions for a file across each access class.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Using Letters to Express Permissions<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Permissions may be expressed by a string of ten characters, like the following example, which the is permissions readout for a typical <strong>public_html<\/strong> directory:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">drwx---r-x<code><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>The first position indicates the file type. In a web hosting context, this is typically a <strong>d<\/strong> for directory or a dash otherwise. The nine remaining positions indicate permissions for each of the three access classes. Of these remaining nine positions, the first three positions are for <kbd>user<\/kbd>, the next three are for <kbd>group<\/kbd>, and the last three are for <kbd>other<\/kbd>. The permissions themselves are expressed using letters, as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>r<\/strong> for <strong>r<\/strong>ead<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>w<\/strong> for <strong>w<\/strong>rite<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>x<\/strong> for e<strong>x<\/strong>ecute<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>-<\/strong> for when a particular permission is <strong>not granted<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Using Numbers to Express Permissions<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>To express permissions using numbers, a string of three numbers is used: the first number is for <kbd>user<\/kbd>, the second for <kbd>group<\/kbd>, and the third for <kbd>other<\/kbd>. The numbers used are based on the following values:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>0<\/strong> for no permissions<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>1<\/strong> for execute<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>2<\/strong> for write<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>4<\/strong> for read<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>When an access class has more than one permission, the values for each permission are added together.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"kbexample\"><\/div>\n\n\n    \t\t<div class=\"hts-messages hts-messages--info  hts-messages--withtitle  \"   >\r\n    \t\t\t<span class=\"hts-messages__title\"><strong>Example:<\/strong><\/span>    \t\t\t    \t\t\t\t<p>\r\n    \t\t\t\t\t<b>I<\/b>f <kbd>other<\/kbd> were to have both <strong>execute<\/strong> and <strong>read<\/strong> permissions, that combination of permissions would be expressed as 5: the result of adding together 1 for <strong>execute<\/strong> and 4 for <strong>read<\/strong>.    \t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n    \t\t\t    \t\t\t\r\n    \t\t<\/div><!-- \/.ht-shortcodes-messages -->\r\n    \t\t\n\n\n\n<p>There are eight possible numbers used to express permissions:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>0<\/strong> for no permissions<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>1<\/strong> for execute<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>2<\/strong> for write<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>3<\/strong> for execute and write<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>4<\/strong> for read<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>5<\/strong> for execute and read<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>6<\/strong> for write and read<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>7<\/strong> for execute, write, and read<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div><\/div>\n\n\n    \t\t<div class=\"hts-messages hts-messages--info  hts-messages--withtitle  \"   >\r\n    \t\t\t<span class=\"hts-messages__title\">Example:<\/span>    \t\t\t    \t\t\t\t<p>\r\n    \t\t\t\t\tA <strong>public_html<\/strong> directory that has <strong>read<\/strong>, <strong>write<\/strong>, and <strong>execute<\/strong> permissions for <kbd>user<\/kbd>, no permissions for <kbd>group<\/kbd>, and <strong>execute<\/strong> and <strong>read<\/strong> permissions for <kbd>other<\/kbd> would have its combination of permissions expressed numerically as <strong>705<\/strong>.    \t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n    \t\t\t    \t\t\t\r\n    \t\t<\/div><!-- \/.ht-shortcodes-messages -->\r\n    \t\t\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Using the Account Control Center to View and Set File Permissions&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The Pair Networks Account Control Center (\"ACC\") has a built-in way to view and set file permissions. To access your files and set or view permissions, visit the <strong>File Management<\/strong> section of the ACC:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Choose the tutorial that reflects your ACC interface type:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Legacy Interface<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>New ACC Interface<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Not sure what the difference is? See<a href=\"http:\/\/pair.com\/support\/kb\/which-acc-interface-am-i-using\/\"> Which ACC Interface Am I Using?&nbsp;<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">If you are using the Legacy Interface:<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li>Log in to the <a href=\"https:\/\/my.pair.com\">ACC<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In the left sidebar, click&nbsp;<strong>File<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In the drop-down click,&nbsp;<strong>Home&nbsp;<\/strong>or&nbsp;<strong>Web<\/strong>, depending on where your file is<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pair.com\/support\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/files.png\" data-rel=\"lightbox-image-0\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-7975 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pair.com\/support\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/files.png\" alt=\"file sidebar image\" width=\"2422\" height=\"1420\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.pair.com\/support\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/files.png 2422w, https:\/\/www.pair.com\/support\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/files-300x176.png 300w, https:\/\/www.pair.com\/support\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/files-1024x600.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.pair.com\/support\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/files-768x450.png 768w, https:\/\/www.pair.com\/support\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/files-50x29.png 50w, https:\/\/www.pair.com\/support\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/files-1536x901.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.pair.com\/support\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/files-2048x1201.png 2048w, https:\/\/www.pair.com\/support\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/files-60x35.png 60w, https:\/\/www.pair.com\/support\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/files-100x59.png 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2422px) 100vw, 2422px\" \/><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Navigate to the file you wish to view the permissions for<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Then, look in the&nbsp;<strong>Permissions<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pair.com\/support\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/permissions-1.png\" data-rel=\"lightbox-image-1\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-7977\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pair.com\/support\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/permissions-1.png\" alt=\"column image\" width=\"2398\" height=\"782\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.pair.com\/support\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/permissions-1.png 2398w, https:\/\/www.pair.com\/support\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/permissions-1-300x98.png 300w, https:\/\/www.pair.com\/support\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/permissions-1-1024x334.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.pair.com\/support\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/permissions-1-768x250.png 768w, https:\/\/www.pair.com\/support\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/permissions-1-50x16.png 50w, https:\/\/www.pair.com\/support\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/permissions-1-1536x501.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.pair.com\/support\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/permissions-1-2048x668.png 2048w, https:\/\/www.pair.com\/support\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/permissions-1-60x20.png 60w, https:\/\/www.pair.com\/support\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/permissions-1-100x33.png 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2398px) 100vw, 2398px\" \/><\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Permissions listed in this column will be expressed using <a href=\"#letters\">letters<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">If you are using the New ACC Interface:<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li>Log in to the Account Control Center (ACC) at <a href=\"https:\/\/my.pair.com\/\">my.pair.com<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In the top navigation bar, click <strong>Files<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Navigate to the file you wish to view the permissions for<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Use the <strong>Permissions<\/strong> column to view the permissions for the file or directory<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pair.com\/support\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-file-permissions.png\" data-rel=\"lightbox-image-2\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"902\" height=\"331\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pair.com\/support\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-file-permissions.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10022\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.pair.com\/support\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-file-permissions.png 902w, https:\/\/www.pair.com\/support\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-file-permissions-300x110.png 300w, https:\/\/www.pair.com\/support\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-file-permissions-768x282.png 768w, https:\/\/www.pair.com\/support\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-file-permissions-50x18.png 50w, https:\/\/www.pair.com\/support\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-file-permissions-60x22.png 60w, https:\/\/www.pair.com\/support\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-file-permissions-100x37.png 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 902px) 100vw, 902px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Permissions listed in this column will be expressed using <a href=\"#letters\">letters<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Setting File Permissions in the ACC<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Choose the tutorial that reflects your ACC interface type:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Legacy Interface<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>New ACC Interface<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Not sure what the difference is? See<a href=\"http:\/\/pair.com\/support\/kb\/which-acc-interface-am-i-using\/\"> Which ACC Interface Am I Using?&nbsp;<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">If you are using the Legacy Interface:<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>In the File section of the ACC, click on the permissions of the&nbsp;file you would like to change permissions for.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pair.com\/support\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/set-permissions.png\" data-rel=\"lightbox-image-3\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"2422\" height=\"1028\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pair.com\/support\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/set-permissions.png\" alt=\"set permissions page image\" class=\"wp-image-7978\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.pair.com\/support\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/set-permissions.png 2422w, https:\/\/www.pair.com\/support\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/set-permissions-300x127.png 300w, https:\/\/www.pair.com\/support\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/set-permissions-1024x435.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.pair.com\/support\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/set-permissions-768x326.png 768w, https:\/\/www.pair.com\/support\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/set-permissions-50x21.png 50w, https:\/\/www.pair.com\/support\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/set-permissions-1536x652.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.pair.com\/support\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/set-permissions-2048x869.png 2048w, https:\/\/www.pair.com\/support\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/set-permissions-60x25.png 60w, https:\/\/www.pair.com\/support\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/set-permissions-100x42.png 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2422px) 100vw, 2422px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>You can change permissions by checking which permissions to add or remove, or you can enter the permissions using <a href=\"#numbers\">numerical notation<\/a>.&nbsp;When finished, be sure to click the&nbsp;<strong>Change Permissions&nbsp;<\/strong>button to save your changes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">If you are using the New ACC Interface:<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>To set file permissions on a file in the Account Control Center:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li>Find the file in the ACC\u2019s file management system<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Click the file's&nbsp;<strong>Action&nbsp;<\/strong>button<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In the drop-down, click the&nbsp;<strong>Change Permissions<\/strong>&nbsp;option<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Toggle the option for each desired permission or enter their numerical value in the <strong>Permission<\/strong> fields. See <a href=\"https:\/\/pairnet.zendesk.com\/hc\/en-us\/articles\/18198466640279#using-numbers-to-express-permissions\">numerical notation<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Click the <strong>Change Permissions<\/strong> button<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pair.com\/support\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-file-permissions-3.png\" data-rel=\"lightbox-image-4\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"423\" height=\"479\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pair.com\/support\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-file-permissions-3.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10023\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.pair.com\/support\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-file-permissions-3.png 423w, https:\/\/www.pair.com\/support\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-file-permissions-3-265x300.png 265w, https:\/\/www.pair.com\/support\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-file-permissions-3-44x50.png 44w, https:\/\/www.pair.com\/support\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-file-permissions-3-53x60.png 53w, https:\/\/www.pair.com\/support\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5-file-permissions-3-88x100.png 88w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 423px) 100vw, 423px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Viewing and Setting Permissions from the Command Line<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>If you're using SSH to connect to your hosting server, you can use the <kbd>chmod<\/kbd> command to view and set file permissions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Viewing File Permissions from the Command Line<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>To view permissions from the command line, navigate to the directory containing the files and directories that you want to view permissions for. From this directory, use the <kbd>ls<\/kbd> command with the <kbd>-l<\/kbd> option,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This will generate output like the following:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">wxr-xr-x 3 user group 102 May 8 11:12 Public_HTML<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>The first column in the <kbd>ls<\/kbd> output shows permissions using <a href=\"#letters\">letter notation<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Setting File Permissions from the Commmand Line<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Permissions are set from the command line using the <kbd>chmod<\/kbd> command. You can use <kbd>chmod<\/kbd> with either numeric or letter notation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Setting Permissions Using Numeric Notation<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The syntax for using numerical notation is:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">chmod [numeric permissions] [file]\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><kbd>chmod<\/kbd> Numeric Notation Example:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"kbexample\">\n<p><\/p><\/div>\n\n\n    \t\t<div class=\"hts-messages hts-messages--info  hts-messages--withtitle  \"   >\r\n    \t\t\t<span class=\"hts-messages__title\">Example: <\/span>    \t\t\t    \t\t\t\t<p>\r\n    \t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<div class=\"kbexample\">To set permissions for the file example.html so that <kbd>user<\/kbd> has <strong>read<\/strong> and <strong>write<\/strong> access, <kbd>group<\/kbd> has <strong>read<\/strong> access, and <kbd>other<\/kbd> has <strong>read<\/strong> access, you would use the following command:<\/div>\n<pre class=\"prettyprint\">chmod 644 example.html<\/pre>\n<p>    \t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n    \t\t\t    \t\t\t\r\n    \t\t<\/div><!-- \/.ht-shortcodes-messages -->\r\n    \t\t\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Setting Permissions Using Letter Notation<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The syntax for using letter notation is:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">chmod [access class][operator][letter permission] file<code>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Access classes are indicated using initials, as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>u<\/strong> for user<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>g<\/strong> for group<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>o<\/strong> for other<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>a<\/strong> for all three: user and group and other<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"kbexample\"><\/div>\n\n\n    \t\t<div class=\"hts-messages hts-messages--info   hts-messages--withicon \"   >\r\n    \t\t\t    \t\t\t    \t\t\t\t<p>\r\n    \t\t\t\t\tYou can combine initials together. For example, <kbd>uo<\/kbd> would stand for <kbd>user<\/kbd> and <kbd>other<\/kbd>.    \t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n    \t\t\t    \t\t\t\r\n    \t\t<\/div><!-- \/.ht-shortcodes-messages -->\r\n    \t\t\n\n\n\n<p>The operators are the following:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>+<\/strong> to add a permission<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>-<\/strong> to remove a permission<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>=<\/strong> to set a permission<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The permission types being manipulated are indicated using <a href=\"#letters\">letter notation<\/a> as described above.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><kbd>chmod<\/kbd> Numeric Notation Example:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"kbexample\">\n<p><\/p><\/div>\n\n\n    \t\t<div class=\"hts-messages hts-messages--info  hts-messages--withtitle  \"   >\r\n    \t\t\t<span class=\"hts-messages__title\">Example:<\/span>    \t\t\t    \t\t\t\t<p>\r\n    \t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<div class=\"kbexample\">To add <strong>execute<\/strong> permission to <kbd>user<\/kbd> for the file example.html, you would use the following command:<\/div>\n<pre class=\"kbexample\"><span style=\"background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #222222; font-family: Consolas, 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace; font-size: 15.2px;\">chmod u+x example.html<\/span><\/pre>\n<p>    \t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n    \t\t\t    \t\t\t\r\n    \t\t<\/div><!-- \/.ht-shortcodes-messages -->\r\n    \t\t\n\n\n\n<p>You can learn more about the <kbd>chmod<\/kbd> by entering <code>man chmod<\/code> from the command line.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; Your website&#8217;s files are hosted on Pair Networks servers running either the FreeBSD or Ubuntu Linux operating systems. Both operating systems use UNIX file permissions to determine who can do what to each file. Access Classes File permissions are set on a file-by-file basis, and are set for each&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"ht-kb-category":[2],"ht-kb-tag":[178,176,177,180],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.8.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>File Permissions - Knowledge Base - Pair Networks<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn how to manage your file&#039;s permissions. File permissions decide who can see, access, or edit what files. 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